by Victor Davis Hanson<\/p>\n
Tribune Media Services<\/p>\n
M<\/span>illions of people in Mexico need work. Americans have millions of jobs that we apparently won’t do ourselves. Presto! The answer to illegal immigration is obviously a lawful guest-worker program.<\/p>\n That simple logic is behind various immigration reform bills under discussion before Congress. Most entail guest-worker provisions that bring set numbers of temporary workers in from Mexico, attached to particular employers who can “prove” they can’t find Americans to work for them.<\/p>\n The problem is that we have unsuccessfully tried this approach before, from 1942 to 1964, with the so-called braceros \u2014 the hired “arms” from Mexico.<\/p>\n Various programs to bring Mexican laborers across the border were initially small, supposedly temporary and aimed only at alleviating wartime shortages of labor.<\/p>\n But some 4 million braceros later, the idea of guest workers had evolved into a huge labor exchange, delivering hardworking \u2014 and very cheap \u2014 farmworkers to American employers, most of them large agribusiness concerns.<\/p>\n President Kennedy, under union pressure and shortly before his death, began to phase out the braceros. He worried that the system was “adversely affecting the wages, working conditions and employment opportunities of our own agricultural workers.”<\/p>\n But when well-meaning legislators, conservative and liberal alike, now propose modern braceros for all sorts of hard-to-fill jobs, it is often with a weird sense of nostalgia.<\/p>\n S<\/span>ometimes, though, the remedy is worse than the problem. Bringing back the braceros to work throughout the economy, and euphemistically calling them “guest workers,” would be just such a case.<\/p>\n Growing up in the rural San Joaquin Valley in California in the early 1960s, I remember hardworking, but not happy, braceros. No one considered them “guests” at all, but rather more like helots \u2014 a permanent class of serfs in the fields that the public neglected, the employer exploited and other workers resented.<\/p>\n To ensure that braceros went back home to Mexico after harvest, portions of their paychecks were often deposited with the Mexican government. Today thousands of aged and disabled farmworkers are still in court trying to reclaim those stolen wages.<\/p>\n In fact, almost every bad immigration stereotype we have today of both Mexico and the United States \u2014 corrupt Mexican officials, hard-nosed American contractors, labor camps and exploited workers \u2014 crystallized during the bracero era.<\/p>\n Contrary to current popular mythology, most braceros, like most illegal aliens today, never wanted to go back to Mexico after living most of the year in the United States. But revisit newspapers of the time. The constant theme can be summed up as something like “good enough to work for us, not good enough to live among us.”<\/p>\n Another constant, still with us today, was that cheap labor from Mexico \u2014 at first braceros, later illegal aliens \u2014 made it almost impossible for American farmworkers to see their own wages rise much.<\/p>\n A<\/span>side from the moral considerations, there are plenty of practical difficulties with guest workers:<\/p>\n What will we do with the millions of unlawful workers who either cannot or will not participate in the program?<\/p>\n Has the Mexican government changed all that much to be trusted as an honest fiduciary to pay back the withheld wages of its returning citizens?<\/p>\n How will temporary workers bargain with employers over compensation when they are subject to deportation?<\/p>\n Who pays for the costs of their health care, housing, pensions and disability?<\/p>\n How can Americans talk of importing workers and yet worry about the scarcity of jobs?<\/p>\n Our seemingly intractable problem with labor is an existential one \u2014 and can’t be solved by allowing employers to ship in cheap workers from Mexico.<\/p>\n There are plenty of Americans in need of work. There are plenty of jobs begging to be filled. The rub is that permanently mowing lawns, picking strawberries and making beds do not pay enough to support a family.<\/p>\n And for those without command of the English language, without education and without legality, these quickly turn into dead-end jobs.<\/p>\n They are rarely now seen as entry-level opportunities for students and beginning American workers to gain valuable experience without competition from cheaper alien workers.<\/p>\n So we are back to the one solution of measured and legal immigration that we all know will work but apparently dread:<\/p>\n Control our borders and enforce existing laws. Fine employers who hire illegal immigrants. Provide a mechanism of foolproof identification. Return to policies of English-language immersion and cultural assimilation. Pay more now in higher labor costs \u2014 but save far more later by avoiding entitlement, law-enforcement and social chaos.<\/p>\n And, most controversially, work out a one-time-only citizenship plan for those who have resided for substantial time in the United States.<\/p>\n Americans are not Spartans, and their workers are not helots. So honor and remember the noble braceros, but please don’t bring back that age of heartbreak.<\/p>\n \u00a92005 Victor Davis Hanson<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Reviving guestworker program is fruitless by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services Millions of people in Mexico need work. Americans have millions of jobs that we apparently won’t do ourselves. Presto! The answer to illegal immigration is obviously a lawful guest-worker program.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[786],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p466Sb-17k","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4018,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/illegal-immigration-and-the-english-language\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":0},"title":"Illegal Immigration and the English Language","author":"victorhanson","date":"April 17, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services In the fierce debate over illegal immigration, the particular terms used by those who argue our porous borders are not a serious problem can tell us a lot. There are somewhere between 8 and 15 million citizens from Mexico and Latin America in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "April 2006"","block_context":{"text":"April 2006","link":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/ahref=\/index.php\/categories\/angry-reader\/categorylink\/a\/archives\/2006\/april-2006\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4798,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/el-norte\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":1},"title":"El Norte","author":"victorhanson","date":"January 19, 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"The case against Bush's immigration plan. by Victor Davis Hanson WSJ Opinion Journal Online President Bush's recent proposal to grant legal status to thousands of Mexican citizens currently working in the U.S. under illegal auspices seems at first glance to be a good start--splitting the difference between open and closed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "January 2004"","block_context":{"text":"January 2004","link":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/ahref=\/index.php\/categories\/angry-reader\/categorylink\/a\/archives\/2004\/january-2004\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4032,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/assimilation-is-the-real-debate\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":2},"title":"Assimilation Is the Real Debate","author":"victorhanson","date":"April 3, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services Hypocrisy and paradoxes abound when it comes to illegal immigration. Even the fiercest critics of illegal immigrants in the American Southwest never seem to check first the legal status of those who fix their roofs, mow their lawns or wash their dishes. This\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "April 2006"","block_context":{"text":"April 2006","link":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/ahref=\/index.php\/categories\/angry-reader\/categorylink\/a\/archives\/2006\/april-2006\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3702,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/how-will-illegal-immigration-end\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":3},"title":"How Will Illegal Immigration End?","author":"victorhanson","date":"January 29, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services We hear all sorts of solutions for ending illegal immigration. Build a wall! Beef up border security! Fine employers, and create a massive guest-worker program. Or America could insist on tamper-proof identification cards, or detention, deportation or even amnesty for some\u00a0illegal aliens \u2014\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Janurary 2007"","block_context":{"text":"Janurary 2007","link":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/ahref=\/index.php\/categories\/angry-reader\/categorylink\/a\/archives\/2007\/janurary-2007\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3610,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/who-is-illiberal-on-immigration\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":4},"title":"Who Is Illiberal on Immigration","author":"victorhanson","date":"June 18, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services The collapse last week of a comprehensive immigration bill in Congress that called for a huge guest-worker program, fast-track visas and a sort of earned citizenship for illegal aliens has unleashed a backlash against those opponents of it who prefer to close the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "June 2007"","block_context":{"text":"June 2007","link":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/ahref=\/index.php\/categories\/angry-reader\/categorylink\/a\/archives\/2007\/june-2007\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4366,"url":"https:\/\/victorhanson.com\/wordpress\/illiberal-aspects-of-illegal-immigration\/","url_meta":{"origin":4298,"position":5},"title":"Illiberal Aspects of Illegal Immigration","author":"victorhanson","date":"June 13, 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"by Victor Davis Hanson Tribune Media Services A group of citizens calling themselves the Minutemen patrols the border looking to stop illegal immigrants from entering the United States. 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